"id","author_first1","author_last1","title","year","publication","volume","issue","pages","author_first2","author_last2","summary","keyword0","keyword1","keyword2","keyword3","type"
"215","Alexander","Cooley","The NGO Scramble: Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action","2002","International Security","27-1","Summer","5-39","James","Ron","<h4>Question(s) addressed by the author and working arguments</h4><p>The authors seek to reevaluate existing conceptual frameworks about migrant remittances and its effects in Latin America Society They propose that remittance investments should be analyzed for their progressive and satisfying effects. They focus on the potential range of household strategies for remittance investment, the ways migrant circulation patterns relate to family and household decision making, and the impact of remittances and migration upon community structure. They propose a new conceptualization of the consequences of migration and remittances for local communities in Mexico and LA and the Caribe, where non-economic relations, gender relations, and complementary (informal) economy involvements are specifically highlighted and afford  recognition.</p><h4>Conceptual references to transnational – transnationalism</h4><p>Transnational Communities are characterized by the incorporation of migration and remittances cultures into the very adaptative fabric of the social system, such that people live between two worlds: North America and home communities in Mex, LA and Caribe (Grasmuck and Pessar 1991, Glick Shiller, Basch, and Blanc-Szanton 1992, Smith 1992)</p><h4>Conclusions or Final Remarks</h4><p>There is a broad portfolio of investment strategies: saving strategies, fixed location-specific capital ventures, flexible human capital resource investments, diversified microeconomic investments, and community support maintenance and sustenance. Women and men negotiate their decision making authority within the household; the absence of the remitter essentially structure the negotiating context, as does the circulation and return visiting Commonly the woman left behind makes the majority of investment decisions; this are made  in economic and non-economic realms, and throughout  the life course investment strategies will change, as negotiating powers shift, and as new or different decision making context restructure the options and ensuing realizations. The recipients primarily undertake responsibility for decisions about remittances and savings  accumulations and investments strategies. Household social economies constitute the space in which remittances are invested and progressively utilized.</p>","Economy","International Organizations","International Security","Transnational Networks","journal"